Introduction

Semiconductor metrology is critical in the semiconductor fabrication process. The complex nature of semiconductor fabrication now requires multiple test stages in between processing steps. Thin film semiconductor wafers are tested using several techniques including ellipsometry and reflectometry. Sophisticated optical equipment is used to inspect for defects as well as for accurate dimensional measurements. Manufacturers of optical inspection systems must integrate a thermal solution for temperature stabilization of optical components.

Introduction

Modern biotechnology hinges on the precise operation and performance of bioreactors, sophisticated vessels where cells are cultivated to produce life-altering vaccines, critical enzymes, and revolutionary protein-based therapeutics, including insulin and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Within these controlled ecosystems, every parameter – temperature, pH levels, nutrient concentrations, and gas flow rates – must be meticulously calibrated to achieve optimal cell growth, productivity, and product quality.

Contents

• Introduction
• The Cooling Challenges
• Liquid Cooling to The Rescue
• Pumps - The Heart of the Cooling System
• So Who Decides?
• What Really Matters?
• Reliability
• Not Off-the-Shelf; Made in the USA & Configured t

Contents

• Introduction
• The Critical Role of X-Ray Tube Cooling in Medical Imaging
• Custom Liquid Cooling Solutions for X-Ray Systems
• Challenges in X-Ray Tube Cooling
• The Expanding Medical Imaging Market in the APAC Region
• Future Trends and Opportunities in X-Ray Cooling
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